Industrial relocations, intensification of migration flows, monetary or economic unions, territorial investment policies, tranfer of tax or education competencies, etc. : these issues deeply alter regional contexts and governance processes. Since regions now compete with one another on the global scene, and face new challenges, they try finding appropriate solutions. This section shows, in a critical way, the socio-economic questions regions meet with as well as the answering strategies they set up in the context of globalisation of production and trade.