Many regions are nowadays experiencing a drastic change in their traditional form due to globalisation trends and, more specifically, to economic globalisation. Some regions consider autonomy as an opportunity to put an end to their belonging to a nation they consider in many aspects (economic, political and especially cultural) as an obstacle. As for Nation-States, they increasingly attempt at regaining their role as socio-economic integration forces by means of decentralisation procedures.. This section offers a critical perspective to a selection of articles which explore the different strategies set by Nation-States and regions in response to globalisation processes.