GERM RSS Feed http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/index.php Presented here is a selection of articles for information and analysis published on the GERM Website www.mondialisations.org, which reflect the richness and diversity of the contemporary ongoing globalisations, as well as the debates that they arouse. EN Sat, 02 May 2026 21:43:49 Sat, 02 May 2026 21:43:49 germ.mondialisations@gmail.com (GERM) germ.mondialisations@gmail.com (GERM) 5 Zero waste: 100% hipster? http://cafebabel.com/fr/article/zero-dechet-100-bobos-5b0e9f20f723b37a833af2ac/ Zero waste initiatives are blossoming in Brussels like never before: conferences, cafés, workshops, festivals... Is this trend, aimed at decreasing the volume of waste we produce, the latest hipster fad in the European capital? Or is it an authentic peak in awareness on how our consumption patterns affect the environment? Cafébabel wandered through the streets of Brussels to meet these new environmentalists. Have you ever come across a photo showing an island of garbage floating in the middle of the ocean, or a turtle with a plastic straw stuck in its nose? For about a hundred of Brussel's inhabitants, photos like these were the final straw. Last April, excessive wrapping led to a 'plastic attack' in a Delhaize supermarket in the city. This phenomenon, which originates from Great Britain, is now taking over the entire Old Continent. But what does it entail? Well, you do your groceries, you pay, then you remove all the unnecessary wrapping and put it into shopping carts so as to confront distribution companies with the absurdity of their packaging policies. Thu, 31 May 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://cafebabel.com/fr/article/zero-dechet-100-bobos-5b0e9f20f723b37a833af2ac/ "La ville du futur sera autosuffisante" http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/actualite-economique/la-ville-du-futur-sera-autosuffisante_2027696.html?utm_source=ocari&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20180802_31_edi_multi-lexpansion-decouverte-villes-futur_5b631cc38b4467b7167b23c6#EMID=339fca85fbeae7e50119545164 En 2050, la planète comptera plus de 9 milliards d'habitants. Plus de 6 milliards habiteront en ville. Comment anticiper cette évolution majeure du mode de vie de l'humanité ? En changeant radicalement nos modèles de développement urbain ! Tue, 31 Jul 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/actualite-economique/la-ville-du-futur-sera-autosuffisante_2027696.html?utm_source=ocari&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20180802_31_edi_multi-lexpansion-decouverte-villes-futur_5b631cc38b4467b7167b23c6#EMID=339fca85fbeae7e50119545164 Can cities reach the Zero Waste goal? http://www.ipsnews.net/2018/07/can-cities-reach-zero-waste-goal/ How should cities address the problem of waste? The most important thing is to set a clear objective: that the day will come when nothing will be sent to final disposal or incineration, says an international expert on the subject, retired British professor of environmental chemistry and toxicology Paul Connett, author of the book oeThe Zero Waste Solution.” Mon, 23 Jul 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.ipsnews.net/2018/07/can-cities-reach-zero-waste-goal/ New York, With 8.5 Million People, Among Cities Heading for a Sustainable Future http://www.ipsnews.net/2018/07/new-york-8-5-million-people-among-cities-heading-sustainable-future/ New York has long been considered a pioneer " in fashion, art, music, and food, just to name a few. Now this city of 8.5 million is leading a shift in how we tackle today’s toughest global challenges like climate change, education, inequality, and poverty. These issues are at the heart of the Sustainable Development Goals, an agenda agreed by all nations in 2015 that chart a path for people, prosperity, and the planet. Tue, 17 Jul 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.ipsnews.net/2018/07/new-york-8-5-million-people-among-cities-heading-sustainable-future/ Forests and marine resources continue to shrink http://www.ipsnews.net/2018/07/forests-marine-resources-continue-shrink/ Deforestation and unsustainable farming are depriving the planet of forests, while destructive practices in fishing are limiting the chance to sustainably manage our oceans. According to United Nations estimates, the world’s population is projected to increase from 7.6 billion today to close to 10 billion people by 2050. The global demand for food is estimated to grow by 50 percent, placing productive land and seas under huge pressure. It ultimately means that the way we manage our forests and oceans now is crucial in addressing our future needs. Thu, 12 Jul 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.ipsnews.net/2018/07/forests-marine-resources-continue-shrink/ Integration "made in Germany" http://en.qantara.de/content/immigration-integration-made-in-germany But how far is the path from "Arrival City" Offenbach to "Arrival Country" Germany? A look at the official statistics shows that despite all its apparent problems and deficits, integration in Germany has often progressed further than most might assume. Evidence of this positive trend was provided back in 2015 by the "Migrant Integration Policy Index" study. Here are five areas where progress has been achieved. Mon, 02 Jul 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://en.qantara.de/content/immigration-integration-made-in-germany La nouvelle maire de San Francisco est une femme noire http://www.slate.fr/story/163223/nouvelle-maire-san-francisco-femme-noire "Peu importe d'où vous venez, peu importe ce que vous décidez de faire, vous pouvez faire ce que vous voulez", a prononcé London Breed devant les marches de l’h\'tel de ville de San Francisco. "Ne laissez jamais les circonstances déterminer ce que vous ferez de votre vie!", a clamé la nouvelle maire, fraîchement élue. Breed est la seule femme parmi les maires des quinze plus grandes villes américaines. Et tous sauf trois sont blancs. Ni New-York, Los Angeles ou Philadelphie n'ont jamais élu de femmes à leur tête. London Breed est la deuxième femme à diriger la progressiste ville de San Francisco, la première étant Dianne Feinstein en 1978. A l'époque London Breed avait 3 ans. Fri, 15 Jun 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.slate.fr/story/163223/nouvelle-maire-san-francisco-femme-noire Strengthening African science http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41680&lan=EN Any good leader knows that scientific discovery and innovation fuels progress, facilitates development, and can help tackle issues like food insecurity, water shortages, and climate change. And yet most African governments are failing to fund research and development adequately in their countries. In late March, Africa’s leading scientists, innovators, and policymakers met in Kigali, Rwanda, to brainstorm solutions to an increasingly pressing problem: the low quality of science on the continent. Tue, 12 Jun 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41680&lan=EN In Newark, police cameras, and the Internet, watch you http://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/09/nyregion/newark-surveillance-cameras-police.html Surveillance cameras are an inescapable fixture of the modern city. Law enforcement agencies have deployed vast networks to guard against terrorism and combat street crime. But in Newark, the police have taken an extraordinary step that few, if any, other departments in the country have pursued: They have opened up feeds from dozens of closed-circuit cameras to the public, asking viewers to assist the force by watching over the city and reporting anything suspicious. Sat, 09 Jun 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/09/nyregion/newark-surveillance-cameras-police.html Nourishing cities with nature http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41670&lan=EN As rates of urbanization increase globally, city planners are working to reverse decades of reckless growth by returning nature to the built environment. Fortunately, technology and bold thinking can help strike a long-elusive balance. Ever since the ancient Greek poet Theocritus wrote his pastoral idylls romanticizing rural life, people have been pondering how to build cities that are in concert with their natural surroundings. But with rates of urbanization growing exponentially around the world , the need for greener cities has never been more urgent. Fortunately, innovation and technology can help strike this long-elusive balance. Mon, 11 Jun 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41670&lan=EN Estonia is about to roll out free public transport across the whole country http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2018/06/01/lestonie-sapprete-a-rendre-les-transports-en-commun-gratuits-dans-tout-le-pays_a_23449113/ If you like getting things for free, be prepared to feel envious. Starting July 1, Estonia will allow citizens to get from one end of the northern European country to the other without ever reaching into their wallets. The move to free public transportation builds on an ambitious scheme already in place in the capital, Tallinn, where public transit on the city’s buses, trams, trolley buses and trains was made fare-free for city residents back in 2013. Now, the government is rolling out free bus travel across the country. Thu, 31 May 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2018/06/01/lestonie-sapprete-a-rendre-les-transports-en-commun-gratuits-dans-tout-le-pays_a_23449113/ Cultivée plutôt que riche, la «classe ambitieuse» change le rapport à la consommation http://www.slate.fr/story/158947/consommation-sociologie-classe-ambitieuse-culture-inegalites-sociales Rattrapées par les masses qui accèdent aux mêmes niveaux de confort et de dépense, les classes supérieures résoudraient ce risque d'indistinction en délaissant le matérialisme pour déporter la compétition vers des biens et des comportements qui ne nécessitent pas à première vue d’être plus riche, mais d’être plus éduqué et de disposer de plus d’informations. "À la fois consciemment et inconsciemment, [elles] trouvent des symboles plus codifiés et plus obscurs pour révéler leur position sociale." Fri, 16 Mar 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.slate.fr/story/158947/consommation-sociologie-classe-ambitieuse-culture-inegalites-sociales Moving People, Not Cars http://prospect.org/article/moving-people-not-cars Bike rentals are popping up in every major U.S. city, a harbinger of the desire of more and more people to break the car habit. Enthusiasts have visions of Copenhagen and Amsterdam, where about 40 percent of people commute to work and do many errands by bike. Yet few American cities have separate lanes in which bikes can safely travel. Meanwhile, bus rapid transit"buses moving in their own lanes that drive up to platforms and are boarded like trains"is catching on as a lower-cost alternative to expensive subways. But here’s the catch that is slowing the shift to both bikes and modern buses: There are only so many lanes on a given street, and at some point these uses compete with each other"unless cars are given less space to hog the road. Wed, 25 Apr 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://prospect.org/article/moving-people-not-cars 9 out of 10 people worldwide breathe polluted air, but more countries are taking action http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41552&lan=EN Air pollution levels remain dangerously high in many parts of the world. New data from WHO shows that 9 out of 10 people breathe air containing high levels of pollutants. Updated estimations reveal an alarming death toll of 7 million people every year caused by ambient (outdoor) and household air pollution. Wed, 02 May 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41552&lan=EN Penniless cities offer land to host hyperloop tests in France http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-02/penniless-cities-offer-land-to-host-hyperloop-tests-in-france After President Emmanuel Macron scrapped plans for a high-speed rail connection to Limoges, a city in central France, local entrepreneur Fabien Thibaut picked up his phone to call Elon Musk and talk about the Hyperloop -- Musk’s idea for superfast trains zooming in tubes. oeThis kind of project is essential for a city like ours,” said Thibaut, one of many in France who wants to bring home a piece of Tesla founder Musk’s idea. oeWe have nothing here -- this would bring companies, jobs, tourism.” Wed, 02 May 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-02/penniless-cities-offer-land-to-host-hyperloop-tests-in-france Surpopulation: des villes entières... sous terre? http://www.slate.fr/story/160537/ville-demain-futur-sous-terre-surpopulation Avec une population mondiale estimée à 9,5 milliards d'individus en 2050, dont une grande majorité vivra en ville, le problème de la surpopulation urbaine est devenu un enjeu crucial. Et si on colonisait le sous-sol des mégapoles? Dans la plupart des grandes villes du monde, les espaces souterrains, traditionnellement dévolus aux lignes de métro, aux canalisations, aux parkings et aux réseaux électriques, sont peu "voire pas du tout" exploités. Pourtant, le sous-sol constitue un vaste réservoir d'espaces vierges, propices à accueillir de nombreuses infrastructures, en allégeant d'autant le tissu urbain en surface. Wed, 18 Apr 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.slate.fr/story/160537/ville-demain-futur-sous-terre-surpopulation América Latina necesita mejores infraestructuras urbanas http://www.huffingtonpost.es/nicolas-estupinan/america-latina-necesita-mejores-infraestructuras-urbanas_a_23414152/?utm_hp_ref=es-internacional Con el 78% de su población viviendo en centros urbanos, América Latina es una de las regiones más urbanizadas del planeta. Esto debería ser una buena noticia si tenemos en cuenta que en 2010 las 289 ciudades con más de 200.000 habitantes producían más del 75% del PIB de la región. Pero la realidad muestra que la mayoría de ellas no están explotando todo su potencial, tanto a nivel económico como social, hecho que limita las aspiraciones de desarrollo de la región. Wed, 18 Apr 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.huffingtonpost.es/nicolas-estupinan/america-latina-necesita-mejores-infraestructuras-urbanas_a_23414152/?utm_hp_ref=es-internacional The struggle for Melbourne: has the world's 'most liveable' city lost its way? http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/apr/09/the-struggle-for-melbourne-has-the-worlds-most-liveable-city-lost-its-way In Melbourne’s Federation Square, people are sitting on the steps, eating lunch among the pigeons under a sky that threatens drizzle. The cascading crazy paving and interlocking sandstone facades supposedly, in the architects’ vision at least, represent the desert heart of Australia. Across the road, a banner hangs from the walls of St Paul’s Cathedral: oeLet’s fully welcome refugees.” Melissa, an academic, walks out of the Koorie Heritage Trust, housed in the Yarra building on the square’s south side. It is due to be demolished to make room for a oeflagship” Apple store, under plans announced by the state government a few months ago out of the blue and without public consultation. The proposal for the jarring two-storey pagoda, dubbed oethe Pizza Hut” by critics, was met with a fury that is hard to over-estimate. Petitions were started. Public debates were held. Mon, 09 Apr 2018 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/apr/09/the-struggle-for-melbourne-has-the-worlds-most-liveable-city-lost-its-way Migrations et inégalités : l’importance des classes sociales. http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Migrations-et-inegalites-l-importance-des-classes-sociales-Entretien-avec-Anne.html?utm_source=metropolitiques&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2017_11_30&lang=fr Depuis les années 1990, Anne-Catherine Wagner travaille sur les migrants appartenant aux classes supérieures. Dans cet entretien, elle revient sur la notion de capital international qu’elle a mobilisée afin de mettre au jour les inégalités dans la mobilité, notamment dans son enquête pionnière qui portait sur les cadres " expatriés " en France. [...] Le capital international est une notion d’inspiration bourdieusienne qui permet de penser ensemble différentes ressources : le capital économique, mais aussi le capital linguistique et social. Pour comprendre la position de différentes catégories de population étrangère, il faut s’intéresser au type et au montant du capital international détenu. Les grands bourgeois détiennent toutes les formes de capital international. [...] Thu, 30 Nov 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Migrations-et-inegalites-l-importance-des-classes-sociales-Entretien-avec-Anne.html?utm_source=metropolitiques&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2017_11_30&lang=fr Les transports en libre-service en Europe http://www.shopalike.fr/les-transports-en-libre-service-en-europe#no En quelques années seulement, les véhicules en libre-service (voitures, scooters et vélos) se sont parfaitement intégrés à notre quotidien. Ces services modifient notre manière de nous déplacer et remettent en question notre besoin de posséder notre propre moyen de transport. Afin de mesurer le développement de cette pratique en Europe, le site ShopAlike a analysé l'offre de transports en libre-service mise en place dans les différentes capitales. Le classement est réalisé à partir d'un nombre de points accordé à chaque ville en fonction du prix et du nombre de véhicules disponibles Sat, 11 Nov 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.shopalike.fr/les-transports-en-libre-service-en-europe#no Sustainable Cities Mobility Index http://www.arcadis.com/en/global/our-perspectives/sustainable-cities-mobility-index-2017/?utm_source=PR&utm_medium=10302017&utm_campaign=SCMI2017&utm_content=global Cities and their policymakers face enormous pressures as they seek to meet today’s mobility challenges. As rapid urbanization, aging infrastructure, population growth and climate change continue to challenge our world’s cities, those that choose to make bold moves in advancing and diversifying their urban transport systems will gain a competitive advantage "- we see that investing in improved and sustainable mobility will give cities enhanced productivity, attractiveness and overall quality of life. Where did 100 of the world’s leading cities land in their sustainable mobility? Wed, 01 Nov 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.arcadis.com/en/global/our-perspectives/sustainable-cities-mobility-index-2017/?utm_source=PR&utm_medium=10302017&utm_campaign=SCMI2017&utm_content=global Polluted environments kill 1.4 million in Europe annually http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41284&lan=EN oeIn the era of Sustainable Development, we can prevent the 1.4 million environment related deaths by making health a political choice across all government sectors,” said Dr. Zsuzsanna Jakab, World Health Organization Regional Director for Europe (WHO/Europe), at the opening of the Sixth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health in Ostrava, Czech Republic. European citizens annually lose 50 million years of healthy life due to environmental risks, corresponding to at least 15 per cent of Europe's total deaths " around half of which are due to outdoor and indoor air pollution. Tue, 13 Jun 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41284&lan=EN Ranked: The 50 Best Cities For Millennials To Live Right Now http://www.forbes.com/sites/laurabegleybloom/2017/04/24/ranked-the-50-best-cities-for-millennials-to-live-right-now/#525a684d5692 As the largest generation in history begins to get older, one thing has become clear: When it comes to where they want to live, the suburbs won't cut it for millennials. This trailblazing generation is putting down roots and seeking out cities that offer access to thriving business ecosystems, affordable cost of living, a high quality of life, smart technology and more. Sat, 22 Apr 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.forbes.com/sites/laurabegleybloom/2017/04/24/ranked-the-50-best-cities-for-millennials-to-live-right-now/#525a684d5692 Colombia: Free Madre Tierra (Mother Earth) from capitalism and put cities in the service of the people http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41241&lan=EN The people chairing the meeting, young men and women from working-class neighbourhoods, explain the ongoing struggle in these 7 neighbourhoods of San Cristobal. Land occupations to build housing began in 1985. From 2006, the inhabitants won access to drinkable water, electricity and finally natural gas. Since 2015, the Bogota authorities announced that the inhabitants’ situation would be legalized. This first seemed to be a victory, and then the inhabitants learned that the legalization would only affect 50% of them. The others would have to accept to leave and be rehoused elsewhere in the city. Providing title to some residents was conditional on the others moving out. The community opposed this prospect and for the time being there is a stalemate. Tue, 02 May 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41241&lan=EN London’s two-wheeled revolution http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41219&lan=EN There’s a lot of talk about a bicycle renaissance in various countries, and specifically often in the world’s big cities. What I’ve been studying is cycling policy and advocacy in London in the UK, so I’m going to talk a bit about what’s going on there, about what kind of things the advocates are asking for, what the policy situation is, and thinking about cycling as a social movement of people as engaged in making political demands around cycling. You need to know something first about the UK context: in the UK we have had a transition in terms of cycling. [...] There are some places where cycling levels are high, and there are some places where cycling levels have gone up. In terms of advocacy, in terms of the politics of cycling, it’s quite interesting to look at what’s happening in those places where cycling is going up because it hasn’t been on the agenda and now it is. There are potentially lessons for other cities like Paris, New York, Berlin, and so on, where cycling is also increasing. Mon, 25 Nov 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41219&lan=EN Na mesa da esperança http://emetropolis.net/artigo/213?name=na-mesa-da-esperanca O presente artigo visa discutir a realidade das cidades hoje em dia, no período do capitalismo neoliberal, por meio das teorias de três importantes autores das ciências humanas no século XX e começo do século XXI. São eles: um filósofo, Henri Lefebvre, um sociólogo, Pierre Bourdieu, e um geógrafo, David Harvey. Estes três autores muito discutidos hoje em dia nos vários campos das ciências humanas, produziram alguns conceitos fundamentais e muito úteis para entender as transformações e os conflitos sociais que têm ocorrido nas cidades do mundo como um todo, mas, de maneira mais dramática, nos países da periferia do sistema mundo. Fri, 17 Mar 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://emetropolis.net/artigo/213?name=na-mesa-da-esperanca What is the citizen participation in the energy transition? http://blog.iddri.org/fr/2017/04/20/participation-citoyens-a-transition-energetique/ The reflection on citizen participation in the energy transition focuses mainly on citizen and participatory projects on renewable energies. Behind these concepts is actually a multitude of models, based on varying degrees of involvement of local citizens and actors in the funding and governance of projects, which promise several ultimate benefits: strengthening the social acceptance of projects, increasing the economic spin-offs for the territory and, more generally, transforming the role of the citizen from that of a simple consumer to more of an actor in the transition. Thu, 20 Apr 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://blog.iddri.org/fr/2017/04/20/participation-citoyens-a-transition-energetique/ Hyperloop va-t-il transformer la Terre en village planétaire ? http://www.rtflash.fr/hyperloop-va-t-il-transformer-terre-en-village-planetaire/article l y a cinq ans, en juillet 2012, Elon Musk, charismatique patron des entreprises innovantes SpaceX, Tesla et Solar City, évoquait pour la première fois son projet révolutionnaire " Hyperloop ", qu’il présentait comme un cinquième mode de transport, en plus des bateaux, des avions, des voitures et des trains. L'Hyperloop est constitué d’un double tube surélevé dans lequel se déplacent des capsules transportant des voyageurs ou des marchandises. L'intérieur du tube est sous basse pression pour limiter les frictions de l'air. Pour réduire encore un peu plus les frottements, les capsules se déplacent sur un coussin d'air et sont propulsées par un champ magnétique généré par des moteurs à induction linéaires disposés à l'intérieur des tubes. Fri, 21 Apr 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.rtflash.fr/hyperloop-va-t-il-transformer-terre-en-village-planetaire/article Cities lead the way on clean and decentralized energy solutions http://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/april/cities-lead-the-way-on-clean-and-decentralized-energy-solutions.html With urban energy use growing rapidly, cities will be key to a sustainable energy transition. Stockholm, Frankfurt and Seoul, among others, show how this can be done. They all aim to increase their energy supply from renewables, increase the number of electric vehicles and provide renewable heating and cooling solutions for buildings. All three have set ambitious targets:, Stockholm aims to be fossil-fuel free by 2040, Frankfurt seeks to achieve 100% renewable energy supply by 2050, and Seoul aims to be 20% self-sufficient in sustainable electricity by 2020. Thu, 06 Apr 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/april/cities-lead-the-way-on-clean-and-decentralized-energy-solutions.html Polluted London sets its sights on cars http://www.afp.com/fr/infos/336/londres-veut-sattaquer-la-pollution-mortelle-au-dioxyde-dazote Gone are the days of London's "pea souper" smogs, but like many European cities, the British capital is once again being choked by pollution -- and has road traffic firmly in its sights Sun, 09 Apr 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.afp.com/fr/infos/336/londres-veut-sattaquer-la-pollution-mortelle-au-dioxyde-dazote More than 100 Chinese cities now above 1 million people http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/mar/20/china-100-cities-populations-bigger-liverpool#img-1 Government policy and a shift westward have fed the staggering scale of China’s urban ambitions " 119 cities as big as Liverpool, and likely double that by 2025 China now has more than 100 cities of over 1 million residents, a number that is likely to double in the next decade. Mon, 20 Mar 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/mar/20/china-100-cities-populations-bigger-liverpool#img-1 Best Cities for Middle-Income Households: The Demographia Housing Affordability Survey http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41055&lan=EN Sun, 22 Jan 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41055&lan=EN Shrinking Cities http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Villes-en-decroissance.html#top Brexit in the United Kingdom, the election of Donald Trump in the United States, the rise of extreme-right populist parties in France or more recently in Germany: these recent events have the common feature of being widely portrayed as the political consequences of the decline of old industrialized regions in Western countries. The question of the emergence of a oetwo-tier society”"characterized on the one hand by a tendency to concentrate the hopes of national economic prosperity in large metropolitan centers and, on the other, by growing territorial marginalization, oeperipheralization”, or even irremediable decline"is now entering the public debate. Mon, 27 Mar 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Villes-en-decroissance.html#top The beauty in Black Bridge http://making-of.afp.com/pauvres-mais-chaleureux oeWhy are you taking pictures here?” the curious boy asked me as I snapped photos in a small village just outside of Beijing. oeYou should go to the Forbidden City or the Summer Palace. There, it’s beautiful. Here,” he motioned around him to the ramshackle structures of brick, corrugated iron and wood surrounding us, oehere, it’s ugly. There is nothing to photograph here.” oeI think this place is beautiful because of the people who live here,” I said. oeI find it as beautiful as the Forbidden City, where noone lives anymore. Here, this place is full of life and energy and people. To me, this is beautiful.” He looked at me, perplexed, then shook his head from side to side. He didn’t understand. Tue, 14 Mar 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://making-of.afp.com/pauvres-mais-chaleureux O Espaço Público numa cidade desigual e segregada http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41033&lan=PO Qual o papel dos espaços públicos nas cidades contemporâneas? As cidades, que se constituíram historicamente como espaços de liberdade " a oeutopia do viver juntos” ", agora vivem um processo de diluição/restrição dos espaços públicos? Para debater o tema, o INCT Observatório das Metrópoles divulga a tese oeO(s) Espaço(s) Público(s) numa cidade desigual e segregada”, do pesquisador Rafael de Aguiar Arantes. O trabalho analisa os usos dos espaços públicos de Salvador nas últimas décadas do século XX e as primeiras desse novo século, e mostra que as transformações recentes têm favorecido o avanço de formas de privatização e autossegregação. oeVerifica-se em Salvador a proliferação de enclaves fortificados, privatização do carnaval, crescimento da violência, entre outros fatores, questões que têm contribuído para o abandono dos espaços da geografia pública, e a configuração de um modelo de sociabilidade pautada no medo e no preconceito”. Thu, 16 Mar 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=41033&lan=PO Dans l’espace public, l’homme est pour les femmes un crocodile qui s’ignore http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Dans-l-espace-public-l-homme-est.html L’objet principal de la bande dessinée de Thomas Mathieu, Les Crocodiles, est le harcèlement sexuel dont sont victimes les femmes. Celles-ci sont représentées de façon anthropomorphique, alors que l’auteur a choisi de dessiner les hommes comme des crocodiles, pour signifier leur comportement prédateur. Le parti pris de représenter les hommes sous la forme d’un animal permet aux lecteurs de se mettre " dans la peau " d’une femme victime de comportements que les hommes peuvent croire anodins, mais qui s’avèrent démesurément inquiétants ou agressifs pour les passantes, voire pour les conjointes. Comme les crocodiles dessinés ne présentent pas de traits distinctifs en termes d’âge, d’origine ou de classe, le lecteur ne peut considérer que le problème ne les concerne pas, ni eux ni leur milieu social ou leur propre entourage Thu, 09 Mar 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Dans-l-espace-public-l-homme-est.html The Wealth Report 2017 http://content.knightfrank.com/research/83/documents/en/the-wealth-report-2017-4482.pdf Wed, 01 Mar 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://content.knightfrank.com/research/83/documents/en/the-wealth-report-2017-4482.pdf Le « New Urbanism » et la soutenabilité http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Le-New-Urbanism-et-la.html Le New Urbanism (NU), un courant d’urbanisme made in America officiellement fondé en 1993, a déjà plus de vingt ans. Il résulte de l’initiative d’architectes-urbanistes soucieux de formaliser leurs pratiques et leurs engagements pour la création de quartiers répondant à des critères de qualité architecturale et de bien-être (long-lasting and better-performing neighborhoods) respectueux de l’environnement naturel. Fri, 28 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Le-New-Urbanism-et-la.html 20 metro areas are home to six-in-ten unauthorized immigrants in U.S. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/02/09/us-metro-areas-unauthorized-immigrants/ Most of the United States’ 11.1 million unauthorized immigrants live in just 20 major metropolitan areas, with the largest populations in New York, Los Angeles and Houston, according to new Pew Research Center estimates based on government data. The analysis shows that the nation’s unauthorized immigrant population is highly concentrated, more so than the U.S. population overall. In 2014, the 20 metro areas with most unauthorized immigrants were home to 6.8 million of them, or 61% of the estimated nationwide total. By contrast, only 36% of the total U.S. population lived in those metro areas. Wed, 22 Feb 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/02/09/us-metro-areas-unauthorized-immigrants/ Big city mayors vow to defy Trump on sanctuary cities order http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/01/25/big-us-city-mayors-vow-defy-trump-sanctuary-cities-order/97066272/ Several big city mayors across the U.S. vowed on Wednesday to defy President Trump’s executive order that threatens to cut off federal funding to cities that offer some sort of protection to undocumented immigrants in their communities. The pushback from the mayors came as Trump signed a long-anticipated executive order that directs the government to identify federal money it can withhold to punish so-called "sanctuary cities," a term for hundreds of communities that in some way limit cooperation with federal immigration enforcement agents. Trump had pledged to take action against sanctuary cities on the campaign trail. Thu, 26 Jan 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/01/25/big-us-city-mayors-vow-defy-trump-sanctuary-cities-order/97066272/ Hyperloop tendrá sede europea en Toulouse http://economia.elpais.com/economia/2017/01/24/actualidad/1485248397_626446.html El Hyperloop, el sistema de transporte en cápsulas parecidas a vagones que circulan por tubos instalados en la superficie y que promete velocidades cercanas a los 1.000 kilómetros por hora, tendrá un centro de investigación en Europa, en la ciudad francesa de Toulouse. Lo que nació como una propuesta de Elon Musk, el fundador de Tesla, está ya inmerso en una carrera por la innovación para convertir el proyecto en realidad. Tue, 24 Jan 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://economia.elpais.com/economia/2017/01/24/actualidad/1485248397_626446.html Is there a model for sustainable urban planning? http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Quels-modeles-pour-l-urbanisme.html#top Thinking about urban planning in terms of models, once decried, seems to be making a comeback among planners, especially as the importance of sustainable development becomes ever clearer? Whether they are oemodelling” energy consumption, collecting oebest practices” in urban planning or creating oelabels” for sustainable neighbourhoods, experts in the field are calling, more or less directly, for regulatory " or even standardised " measures and instruments that can be used (and, ideally, reproduced) to build today’s cities. At this point, we should like to call into question the characteristics of the doctrines of sustainable urban planning. Wed, 25 Jun 2014 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Quels-modeles-pour-l-urbanisme.html#top Stratégies citadines d’accès au sol et réforme foncière au Bénin http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Strategies-citadines-d-acces-au.html En Afrique de l’Ouest, les débats politiques autour du foncier mettent souvent en opposition deux modes d’accès à la terre et de rapports à la possession du sol : la coutume d’une part, organisant l’usage de la terre par une communauté en vertu de références sacrées, et la loi d’origine coloniale d’autre part, définissant l’attribution aux individus de la pleine propriété privée (Lavigne-Delville 2010). Nous entendons démontrer, à l’aide d’une étude empirique des stratégies citadines d’accès à la terre au Sud-Bénin [1], que la situation est plus complexe dans les zones à urbanisation rapide. Ce portrait nuancé questionne les fondements de la réforme foncière en cours et sa faisabilité. Mon, 16 Jan 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Strategies-citadines-d-acces-au.html "Capter" l’eau du brouillard pour aider les quartiers pauvres de Lima http://observers.france24.com/fr/20170104-perou-lima-capteurs-brouillard-eau-aider-quartiers-pauvres-association-agriculture À Lima, de nombreux habitants des quartiers populaires sont exclus du réseau de distribution d’eau qui approvisionne le reste de la ville. La capitale péruvienne étant régulièrement plongée dans la brume, une association locale a décidé d’installer il y a quelques années des "capteurs de brouillard" " un dispositif qui permet de récupérer de l’eau à partir du brouillard. Wed, 04 Jan 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://observers.france24.com/fr/20170104-perou-lima-capteurs-brouillard-eau-aider-quartiers-pauvres-association-agriculture Near Mexico City, Cable Car Lets Commuters Glide Over Traffic http://www.nytimes.com/es/2017/01/03/fascinacion-y-escepticismo-para-un-teleferico-en-las-afueras-de-ciudad-de-mexico/?em_pos=large&emc=edit_bn_20170103&nl=boletin&nlid=77942988&ref=headline&te=1 Tue, 03 Jan 2017 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.nytimes.com/es/2017/01/03/fascinacion-y-escepticismo-para-un-teleferico-en-las-afueras-de-ciudad-de-mexico/?em_pos=large&emc=edit_bn_20170103&nl=boletin&nlid=77942988&ref=headline&te=1 Projeto Prata Preta: mapa inédito dos cortiços na zona portuária do Rio http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40763&lan=PO A Rede INCT Observatório das Metrópoles e a Central de Movimentos Populares (CMP) divulgam o resultado final do Projeto Prata Preta, com um levantamento inédito dos cortiços localizados na zona portuária do Rio de Janeiro. O mapa aponta que são 54 cortiços situados na área portuária, distribuídos nos bairros Santo Cristo, Gamboa e Saúde, envolvendo no mínimo 712 quartos, onde habitam cerca de 1.120 pessoas. A pesquisa faz parte das ações em defesa do direito à moradia no contexto da Operação Urbana Porto Maravilha. E tem como objetivo dar visibilidade à situação econ\'mica, social, cultural, jurídica e urbanística dos moradores dos cortiços da área central do Rio; e também identificar a demanda por regularização fundiária e habitação de interesse social. Thu, 08 Dec 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40763&lan=PO Sun, surf and low rents: why Lisbon could be the next tech capital http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/portugal-lisbonne-prochaine-capitale-des-nouvelles-technologies Sat, 29 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/portugal-lisbonne-prochaine-capitale-des-nouvelles-technologies Building greener cities: nine benefits of urban trees http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40693&lan=EN For the first time in history, more than 50 percent of the world’s population now lives in towns and cities. By 2050, this number is expected to increase to 66 percent. The shift from rural to urban areas, mainly in Africa and Asia, is due to poverty and related socio-economic factors. For the most part, the rapid expansion of cities takes place without any land use planning strategy and the resulting human pressure has highly damaging effects on forests, landscapes, as well as green areas in and around cities. The environmental impacts of urbanization are often intensified by climate change and include increased pollution, decreased availability of food and resources, as well as increased poverty and frequency of extreme climatic events. Urban trees can help to mitigate some of the negative impacts and social consequences of urbanization, and thus make cities more resilient to these changes. Here are nine ways in which urban trees and forests contribute to making cities socio-economically and environmentally more sustainable: Wed, 30 Nov 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40693&lan=EN Ministra Saball anuncia nueva política pública de arriendo http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40643&lan=ES En la presentación de un proyecto piloto, trabajado entre la Municipalidad de Santiago y el Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes, la ministra de Vivienda y Urbanismo, Paulina Saball, aprovechó de anunciar un nuevo programa de la cartera que, desde 2017, permitirá entregar recursos a instituciones sin fines de lucro para que éstas recuperen inmuebles que luego sean destinados a arriendo. oeEsta experiencia piloto del municipio de Santiago nos ha servido de base para hacer un cambio inédito en la política habitacional. Sun, 04 Dec 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40643&lan=ES Electric vehicles gain mainstream momentum http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40640&lan=EN Beijing is successfully pushing consumers to adopt EVs but charging infrastructure remains a problem, writes Zhang Chun. [...] Beijing’s 2016 quota for EVs was 40% of its total new car license plate quota. This is likely to increase, with further cuts due in the quota for traditional-fuel vehicles, and EV buyers anxious to purchase before expected reductions in subsidies happen for domestically produced EVs. Thu, 24 Nov 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40640&lan=EN Geddel, Salvador e o capitalismo urbano ultra liberal http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40634&lan=PO O escândalo envolvendo a autorização para construção do edifício La Vue em uma área protegida pelo patrim\'nio histórico em Salvador, que causou a demissão do então ministro Geddel Vieira Lima, é uma amostra de como o capitalismo urbano ultra liberal tem atuado na capital baiana na última década. A cidade vem passando por um ciclo de mercantilização agressivo comando por uma coalizão de forças e interesses na qual estão presentes grandes empresas imobiliárias, de obras públicas, de turismo, a alta classe média branca e os velhos políticos da tradicional oligarquia baiana. O objeto central desta coalizão mercantilizadora é a re-apropriação do centro histórico de Salvador, ocupado tradicionalmente pelas camadas negras do sub-proletariado negro da cidade. Thu, 01 Dec 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40634&lan=PO Direct democracy is the solution not the problem http://www.swissinfo.ch/democratiedirecte/bilan-du-6e-forum-mondial-de-la-d%C3%A9mocratie-_la-d%C3%A9mocratie-directe-est-la-solution--pas-le-probl%C3%A8me/42612142 Meeting in San Sebastián last week, experts from more than 30 countries discussed ways to fend off attacks against participatory democracy. [...] Set against a series of ballot box upsets " notably in the United States, Britain and Colombia " activists, state representatives and academics exchanged ideas about granting citizens a direct say in political decisions. Wed, 23 Nov 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.swissinfo.ch/democratiedirecte/bilan-du-6e-forum-mondial-de-la-d%C3%A9mocratie-_la-d%C3%A9mocratie-directe-est-la-solution--pas-le-probl%C3%A8me/42612142 How to build a movement-party: lessons from Rosario’s Future City http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40617&lan=EN One of the major questions faced by the inheritors of the networked global uprisings of 2010--2011 is how to harness the demands and practices that emerged from these movements, and those that followed in their wake, to create new ways of doing electoral politics. A municipalist movement in Rosario, Argentina, may just have some of the answers Institutional politics is facing a crisis of legitimacy. [...] In this context, activists, social movements and new political organizations across the world are confronted with a common dilemma: how to engage electorally and politically within state institutions without being co-opted or corrupted by them. Tue, 15 Nov 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40617&lan=EN ¿Qué están haciendo las ciudades mexicanas ante el cambio climático? http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40588&lan=ES Thu, 24 Nov 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40588&lan=ES As Delhi chokes http://correspondent.afp.com/delhi-chokes For weeks now, a gray fog has enveloped the capital of India. The smog is so intense on some mornings that you can almost touch it. Buildings disappear. Invisible cars speed through invisible streets. The smog seeps into homes through doors and windows. There is palpably less oxygen. You need to take deep breaths. Outside, the smell of something burning hits the nostrils. You get headaches. The eyes itch. Fri, 18 Nov 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://correspondent.afp.com/delhi-chokes Faire face au manque d’eau à Recife : les leçons d’une métropole brésilienne http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Faire-face-au-manque-d-eau-a.html Au Brésil, les pouvoirs publics assurent de plus en plus difficilement l’approvisionnement en eau, en particulier dans les métropoles. Une équipe de sociologues et d’anthropologues a étudié à Recife les facteurs de cette dégradation qualitative et quantitative, le déni institutionnel dont cette situation fait l’objet et les modalités de redéploiement de la gouvernance de l’eau. Thu, 24 Nov 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Faire-face-au-manque-d-eau-a.html Sustainable cities: a systemic approach http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40557&lan=EN In the search for sustainability in Latin American megacities, a systemic approach should include public transport, participatory budgeting and ‘place making’. Thu, 10 Nov 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40557&lan=EN Cities attempt a democratic new start http://www.swissinfo.ch/democratiedirecte/forum-mondial-de-la-d%C3%A9mocratie-2016_les-villes-osent-le-renouveau-d%C3%A9mocratique/42585838 At the Global Forum on Modern Direct Democracy 2016, which starts in Basque Donostia / San Sebastián on November 16, some 200 experts are gathering to help push forward the development towards more local democracy. Reykjavik, Vienna, Seoul, Los Angeles and Bern: these are pioneering cities in terms of direct democracy. For several years now, increasing numbers of local and regional governments have committed themselves to citizen participation. Mon, 14 Nov 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.swissinfo.ch/democratiedirecte/forum-mondial-de-la-d%C3%A9mocratie-2016_les-villes-osent-le-renouveau-d%C3%A9mocratique/42585838 La diffusion de l’urbanisme sécuritaire, sous la pression et en silence http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40491&lan=FR Tant redoutée par les architectes et les urbanistes, l’intégration des enjeux de sécurité dans l’aménagement figure pourtant comme un axe central des politiques publiques de prévention de la délinquance. La sécurité semble aujourd’hui inévitablement s’imposer au c"ur du développement des grandes agglomérations. Seulement, travailler ces problématiques en lien direct avec les questions de l’aménagement des espaces ou celles de l’implication des citoyens sur leur territoire, reviendrait-il obligatoirement à promouvoir des logiques sécuritaires ? Sun, 09 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40491&lan=FR Mapping inequality in the US: Red lines, black lives http://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/redlining-black-lives-holc-mapping-inequality By laundering housing policy through the systematic and candid racism of local real-estate and finance interest, the HOLC also opened a gap between black and white ownership that has never closed. In the new world of home finance, white families bought homes at higher rates, they bought them earlier in life, they bought them on better terms, and they bought them in neighborhoods where housing value appreciated reliably. This yielded, of course, a widening of the racial wealth gap even as other disparities (wages, income) closed slowly in the civil rights era and after. Today, median African-American family wealth is less than one-tenth that of white families"a gap largely attributable to disparate access to housing subsides such as the HOLC, and their impact across generations. Tue, 25 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/redlining-black-lives-holc-mapping-inequality Ni droit ni obligation : les atermoiements de la régularisation urbaine à Delhi http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Ni-droit-ni-obligation-les.html Entre 2007 et 2012, le gouvernement de Delhi a lancé une campagne de régularisation de certains quartiers informels. Si l’urbanisation informelle est ainsi devenue un enjeu de débat public, Laure Criqui s’interroge sur les contradictions internes aux pouvoirs publics. Celles-ci empêchent la constitution d’une politique publique cohérente, transparente et efficace pour l’intégration de ces quartiers à la ville. Fri, 16 Sep 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Ni-droit-ni-obligation-les.html Live from Habitat III: Inclusive and well-planned Cities for all http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40461&lan=EN Habitat III, the third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development, officially began on Monday, October 17th in Quito. On the second day of the conference, governmental leaders from around the world gathered for two plenary sessions. Speakers addressed country-specific urban challenges and strove to unite the participants toward implementing a strong, robust and effective New Urban Agenda (NUA). Tue, 18 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40461&lan=EN Governments and social movements disagree on future of cities http://www.ipsnews.net/2016/10/governments-and-social-movements-disagree-on-future-of-cities/ The Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development and the alternative forums held by social organisations ended in the Ecuadorean capital with opposing visions regarding the future of cities and the fulfillment of rights in urban areas. [...]The Habitat III accords oecannot generate the urban reforms that we need, such as integral access to land with services. That can only be achieved through struggle. It is local political participation that makes it possible to press for urban reform,” Isabella Goncalves, an activist with the Brazilian NGO Brigadas Populares, told IPS. Fri, 21 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.ipsnews.net/2016/10/governments-and-social-movements-disagree-on-future-of-cities/ Cities will become inequality traps without better housing, transport policies http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40446&lan=EN Governments should rethink urban housing, transport, schooling and jobs strategies to ensure that cities do not become inequality traps, according to a new OECD report which shows that a majority of cities have higher inequality than their respective national average. Thu, 13 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40446&lan=EN Direito à Cidade e Desigualdades Regionais no Brasil http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40440&lan=PO O modelo de desenvolvimento econ\'mico que se pretende atualmente no Brasil, baseado na PEC 241, parece fundado na alta remuneração dos setores rentistas, na continuidade do consumo de uma minoria abastada e na arrogância tecnoburocrática, ignorando a diversidade e voltando a concentrar investimentos em parcelas do território nacional, onde já estão concentrados. A análise sobre a defesa do direito à cidade e o acirramento das desigualdades regionais no país é o tema do artigo de Jan Bitoun e Lívia Miranda para a série oeO Direito à Cidade em tempos de crise”, parceria do Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil e do INCT Observatório das Metrópoles. Wed, 19 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40440&lan=PO The Tokyo the world needs http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40429&lan=EN Thu, 21 Jul 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40429&lan=EN Grande distribution et voiture individuelle : comment la France a tué ses villes http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40426&lan=FR A cause de la grande distribution et de la voiture individuelle, les villes se meurent : les commerces sont désertés et la population est paupérisée. Dans son nouveau livre, Olivier Razemon raconte comment on en est arrivé là et quoi faire pour redresser la barre. Wed, 12 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40426&lan=FR New York, the Dada Capital http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40424&lan=EN Wed, 31 Aug 2005 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40424&lan=EN Mexico City Prioritizes Building Efficiency with New Regulations http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40406&lan=EN On June 17, Mexico City’s Environmental Ministry (SEDEMA), headed by Secretary of the Environment Tanya Müller García, announced the final publication of updated construction regulations for the city. The regulations include energy efficiency measures for new and retrofitted buildings and are part of a series of actions the local government is taking to build a more sustainable city by improving buildings and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector. Sun, 19 Jun 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40406&lan=EN A needed cornerstone for Habitat III: The Right to the City http://observatoriodasmetropoles.net/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1771:direito-%C3%A0-cidade-na-confer%C3%AAncia-habitat-iii&Itemid=164 The Quito conference will offer a major opportunity to reformulate life in human settlements, and the Right to the City can help ensure that all can live with dignity in sustainable, democratic and just territories. Thu, 13 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://observatoriodasmetropoles.net/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1771:direito-%C3%A0-cidade-na-confer%C3%AAncia-habitat-iii&Itemid=164 Porto Alegre launches resilience strategy http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40404&lan=EN The impact of climate change will affect primarily cities. Today 85% of Brazilian population live in urban areas. The population is at risk of floods, drought periods, landslides, and other situations that put inhabitants and property at risk. In 2013, Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro had the opportunity to increasing capacity for adaptation and resilience, being the only two Brazilian cities chosen to take part in the 100 Resilient Cities Challenge, promoted by the Rockefeller Foundation. According to the Global Adaptation Institute (GAIN), Brazil is not totally prepared to face climate change and its impacts. The survey points out that Brazil’s main weakness relates to its infrastructure and to the fact that it is a country with a huge extension and a large number of poor people. The country currently ranks 99th in terms of most vulnerable urban settlements, in a list of 180 nations. Tue, 02 Feb 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40404&lan=EN Paris, une métropole au défi de l’intelligence collective http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Paris-une-metropole-au-defi-de-l.html La construction d’une métropole est un travail patient qui engage un changement d’échelle pour l’exercice de la démocratie. En parallèle des discussions entre élus au sein de Paris Métropole et avec les habitants, Paris a engagé un travail avec les chercheurs. Anne Hidalgo et Pierre Mansat reviennent sur ce qu’ils ont retenu de ces échanges. Mon, 10 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Paris-une-metropole-au-defi-de-l.html D’« OL Land » au Parc OL : le grand stade de Lyon contre la ville ? http://www.metropolitiques.eu/D-OL-Land-au-Parc-OL-le-grand.html Vivement contesté dès l’origine du projet, le nouveau stade de l’Olympique lyonnais a finalement été livré in extremis pour l’Euro 2016. Sébastien Gardon revient sur la genèse difficile de cet équipement situé à la périphérie de l’agglomération lyonnaise, en mettant en lumière les enjeux soulevés par sa construction en matière de mobilité et de durabilité. Mon, 11 Jul 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolitiques.eu/D-OL-Land-au-Parc-OL-le-grand.html Rebel Hong Kong politicians defy China at chaotic swearing-in ceremony http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/12/hong-kong-pro-democracy-oath-snub-china A new generation of pro-democracy politicians thumbed its nose at China’s authoritarian leaders, with a succession of lawmakers openly defying Beijing during an action-packed swearing-in ceremony for Hong Kong’s parliament. Wed, 12 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/12/hong-kong-pro-democracy-oath-snub-china ‘We are building our way to hell’: tales of gentrification around the world http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/oct/05/building-way-to-hell-readers-tales-gentrification-around-world From community displacement in Mexico City to tourism-triggered evictions in Lisbon and crazy rent hikes in Silicon Valley, our readers shared stories of gentrification happening in their cities " and the initiatives trying to tackle it Wed, 05 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/oct/05/building-way-to-hell-readers-tales-gentrification-around-world Shanghai, a modern metropolis born of a refugee crisis http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40361&lan=EN When George Balfour, the first appointed British consul of Shanghai, envisaged the future of his British-only settlement at the end of 1843, he stood on a piece of marshland by the Huangpu River. Balfour could not have imagined in his wildest dreams the prosperous modern metropolis to come. The settlement was to be built, first and foremost, to house an influx of refugees from the Chinese hinterland. Thu, 14 Jul 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40361&lan=EN Migrations et revitalisation urbaine : le cas du « quartier chinois » d’Athènes http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Migrations-et-revitalisation.html Le quartier athénien de Metaxourgio constitue un exemple de centralité commerciale qui invite à dépasser les discours associant la présence des migrants au déclin urbain. Dans un contexte marqué par les effets de la crise économique, Iris Polyzos montre comment les commerçants venus de Chine sont les acteurs d’un processus de revitalisation atypique. Mon, 26 Sep 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Migrations-et-revitalisation.html Territoires urbains et société dans la globalisation. http://strates.revues.org/616 On a souvent tendance à dire que la phase actuelle de globalisation néo-libérale provoque des effets similaires sur les recompositions socio-économiques dans toutes les grandes villes de la planète " et particulièrement dans celles de l'Europe et de l'Amérique. Mais les traits dominants de ces recompositions, notamment en termes d'intégration (par l'accès à la propriété par exemple) et d'exclusion (du fait du logement ou du travail), sont très différents dans des villes comme Sao Paulo et Paris. Ils relèvent plut\'t de l'histoire de chacune de ces villes. Tue, 04 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://strates.revues.org/616 « Dernière chance pour la biodiversité » Quand Paris s'ensauvage http://www.lemonde.fr/biodiversite/visuel/2016/09/29/biodiversite-quand-paris-s-ensauvage_5005655_1652692.html Avec 20 % du territoire urbanisé en France, la ville, longtemps pensée comme l’antithèse du milieu naturel, est devenue un lieu incontournable de la reconquête de la biodiversité. La plupart des citadins et des mairies désirent accorder plus de place à la nature… mais quelle nature ? Des massifs ornementaux aux couleurs vives et aux contours bien délimités ; des plantes comestibles cultivées entre voisins ; ou une nature plus sauvage et spontanée ? Cette dernière conception, la plus propice à l’épanouissement de la biodiversité urbaine, fait doucement son chemin dans les esprits. Reportage à Paris qui, de la Petite Ceinture aux jardins de la " guérilla gardening ", s’ensauvage. Tue, 04 Oct 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.lemonde.fr/biodiversite/visuel/2016/09/29/biodiversite-quand-paris-s-ensauvage_5005655_1652692.html Can affordable housing overcome the odds (once again) in New York? http://www.metropolismag.com/Point-of-View/September-2016/Affordable-Housing-in-New-York/ Affordable housing in New York is constantly invoked as an aspiration, rarely as a reality. This is despite the 178,000 units in government-owned or -operated buildings, and despite the hundreds of thousands in private, below-market-rate apartments. A recent book, Affordable Housing in New York: The People, Places, and Policies That Transformed a City, shines a spotlight on New York’s considerable existing, affordable construction, whose imprint is so large as to be unmistakably visible from an airplane or satellite. [...] While it certainly offers no instant cure for the present housing crisis, [this book] is an excellent primer on the many efforts that have been made toward tackling affordability, with lessons both cautionary and encouraging. Wed, 14 Sep 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolismag.com/Point-of-View/September-2016/Affordable-Housing-in-New-York/ Study finds only 25 percent of São Paulo’s residents have access to quality public transport http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40339&lan=EN Wed, 28 Sep 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40339&lan=EN Grenoble lance un nouvel outil démocratique pour rendre la parole aux citoyens http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40337&lan=FR C’était une promesse de campagne, elle est devenue un outil inédit en France : la municipalité écologiste de Grenoble a lancé son " dispositif d’interpellation et de votation d’initiative citoyenne ". " L’originalité de cet outil est de mêler un système de pétition à un système de référendum : les citoyens peuvent proposer une loi par des signatures puis l’obtenir par votation ", explique Raul Magni Berton, professeur de sciences politiques à Sciences Po Grenoble, qui a dirigé le rapport préparatoire [1]. [...] Le mode d’emploi se veut simple : toute pétition atteignant 2.000 signatures est automatiquement présentée devant le conseil municipal. Si celui-ci ne l’adopte pas par le biais d’une délibération, la pétition est versée au vote des citoyens. Dans ce cas, la pétition doit l’emporter avec un seuil minimal de 20.000 voix recueillies pour être adoptée. Fri, 30 Sep 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40337&lan=FR À quoi ressemblera la ville de demain ? http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40298&lan=FR Depuis les années 1980, le libéralisme économique a mis la mondialisation/métropolisation sur orbite. Un archipel mégapolitain mondial, selon l’expression d’Olivier Dollfus, s’est rapidement constitué. Initialement dominé par New York, Londres, Paris et Tokyo, cet archipel agrège désormais plusieurs centaines de villes, dont beaucoup sont apparues en Asie à la vitesse de l’éclair. Leurs valeurs et leur mode de fonctionnement sont communs. Les métropoles prospèrent avec un minimum d’État ; à la limite, la situation idéale est celle de la cité-État, comme c’est le cas pour Singapour, régulièrement classée comme étant la meilleure ville au monde pour les affaires. Wed, 14 Sep 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40298&lan=FR IESE Cities in motion Index 2016 http://citiesinmotion.iese.edu/indicecim/?lang=en Tue, 24 May 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://citiesinmotion.iese.edu/indicecim/?lang=en How Inclusive Cities Manage Migration http://www.metropolismag.com/Point-of-View/September-2016/How-Inclusive-Cities-Manage-Migration/ "According to my experience, local authorities are key actors for migration management. All over Spain, migrants have access to city registers, irrespective of their status. That’s been of the utmost importance in recent Spanish migration history, when millions have arrived in a short period of time. Migrants immediately become city dwellers, and the city is their first space for interaction both with administration and neighbours. The quality of public spaces and public services are key points for newcomers’ integration, as it is for the rest of the city’s inhabitants. Inclusive cities keep public spaces open for all and promote citizen and neighbour interaction. I would see urban development as a powerful tool for that to be done. " Mon, 12 Sep 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolismag.com/Point-of-View/September-2016/How-Inclusive-Cities-Manage-Migration/ A week in the life of Shanghai http://making-of.afp.com/une-semaine-dans-la-vie-de-shanghai "When Shanghai city authorities invited a dozen foreign photojournalists to spend a week shooting life in the busy port and financial hub, I jumped at the chance. Although it’s the world’s most populous city, with 24 million souls, Shanghai has retained the winding streets and trees that give it a more oehuman” feeling than the capital Beijing where I’m based, and it’s been a long time that I’ve wanted to take a closer look." Thu, 15 Sep 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://making-of.afp.com/une-semaine-dans-la-vie-de-shanghai Métropoles sacrées ? Paris et Berlin dans l’imaginaire juif de l’entre-deux-guerres http://germanica.revues.org/574?lang=fr#article-574 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 00:00:00 +0000 http://germanica.revues.org/574?lang=fr#article-574 Prague, métropole de l’angoisse. Transferts culturels et modernité littéraire chez Franz Kafka http://germanica.revues.org/562 Sun, 01 Jun 2008 00:00:00 +0000 http://germanica.revues.org/562 Des visées internationales en transport intelligent http://affaires.lapresse.ca/portfolio/developpement-economique-regional-2016/portrait-2016-longueuil/201609/13/01-5019910-des-visees-internationales-en-transport-intelligent.php Tue, 13 Sep 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://affaires.lapresse.ca/portfolio/developpement-economique-regional-2016/portrait-2016-longueuil/201609/13/01-5019910-des-visees-internationales-en-transport-intelligent.php What Happened to the Great Urban Design Projects? http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/13/opinion/what-happened-to-the-great-urban-design-projects.html?module=Slide®ion=SlideShowTopBar&version=SlideCard-8&action=Click&contentCollection=Opinion&slideshowTitle=Creations%20That%20Capture%20Our%20Imaginations¤tS Fri, 12 Feb 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/13/opinion/what-happened-to-the-great-urban-design-projects.html?module=Slide®ion=SlideShowTopBar&version=SlideCard-8&action=Click&contentCollection=Opinion&slideshowTitle=Creations%20That%20Capture%20Our%20Imaginations¤tS A Glorified Sidewalk, and the Path to Transform Atlanta http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/12/us/atlanta-beltline.html?_r=0&module=Endslate®ion=SlideShowTopBar&version=EndSlate&action=Click&contentCollection=U.S.&slideshowTitle=Atlanta%E2%80%99s%20BeltLine%3A%20An%20Ambitious%20Plan%20to%20Bring%20a%20City%20Together& Sun, 11 Sep 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/12/us/atlanta-beltline.html?_r=0&module=Endslate®ion=SlideShowTopBar&version=EndSlate&action=Click&contentCollection=U.S.&slideshowTitle=Atlanta%E2%80%99s%20BeltLine%3A%20An%20Ambitious%20Plan%20to%20Bring%20a%20City%20Together& A Lille, la lutte contre la publicité se fait sans la mairie http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2014/12/02/a-lille-la-lutte-contre-la-publicite-se-fait-sans-la-mairie_4529821_3224.html Tue, 02 Dec 2014 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2014/12/02/a-lille-la-lutte-contre-la-publicite-se-fait-sans-la-mairie_4529821_3224.html Grenoble se rêve en nouveau modèle de la ville sans publicité http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2014/12/02/grenoble-se-reve-en-nouveau-modele-de-la-ville-sans-publicite_4532368_3224.html Des marques de voitures s'affichant sur les murs, des hamburgers géants faisant de l'"il aux arrêts de bus et des mannequins parfumés toisant les trottoirs : à Grenoble, comme dans la plupart des villes de France, les publicités impriment la rétine des passants. Des encarts promotionnels surmontés de la marque JCDecaux, premier annonceur du pays, présent dans 3 700 communes. " Sucettes " en 120 x 176 cm, colonnes Morris ou grands panneaux de 8 mètres carrés : ce qu'on appelle le " mobilier urbain " est divers et très lucratif pour les communes. Une manne dont la ville de Grenoble a donc décidé de se passer. Tue, 02 Dec 2014 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2014/12/02/grenoble-se-reve-en-nouveau-modele-de-la-ville-sans-publicite_4532368_3224.html Théorie de la modernité en tant que théorie de la métropole. La « théologie » de Walter Benjamin http://germanica.revues.org/559?lang=fr La construction du vers baudelairien, remarque Benjamin dans son essai sur Charles Baudelaire (Das Paris des Second Empire bei Baudelaire), " ressemble au plan d’une métropole ". Loin d’un aperçu éphémère, cette phrase désigne une méthode heuristique, le programme d’une théorie de la modernité: lire celle-ci comme une métropole. Les Passages parisiens, mais aussi L’Enfance berlinoise cristallisent à cet égard l’ensemble de l’"uvre de Benjamin en proposant un dispositif descriptif de la modernité/de la métropole, et en créant, après coup, une cohérence de ses écrits. Cette " lecture de la métropole " en tant que théorie de la modernité ne doit pas pour autant s’effectuer uniquement sur un plan textuel ; si la philologie, constate Benjamin, est bien la science primaire de l’interprétation des textes, la théologie est la science fondamentale de l’interprétation du monde Il ne suffit pas d’appliquer les préceptes de la lecture textuelle (herméneutique, commentaire, interprétation) pour venir à bout de la modernité, mais il faut engager une lecture " théologique " (exégèse, allégorèse) pour donner à lire la " métropole ". Retracer la " théologie " de Walter Benjamin signifie donc élucider le dispositif descriptif de la " métropole " qui, dans un geste double, " à deux niveaux ", conceptuel et figuratif, essaie de s’emparer de l’expérience littéraire de la modernité: allégorie, mimésis et passage, etc. sont les concepts, le chiffonnier, l’apache, la lesbienne, l’hachischin, etc. les figures de la " théologie " de Walter Benjamin. Tue, 16 Sep 2008 00:00:00 +0000 http://germanica.revues.org/559?lang=fr Humanisme et urbanisme http://www.implications-philosophiques.org/Habitat/Zuppinger1.html Comment concilier la conception techniciste de l'urbanisme avec une vision intégrant l'homme dans l'habitat ? En quoi ces deux projets consistent-ils précisément ? et s'ils s'excluent effectivement, en vertu de quelle logique ? Il nous faudra élucider l'habiter, révéler sa richesse, c'est-à-dire dépasser la vision strictement utilitaire pour appréhender la dimension proprement humaine. Dans notre propos, nous chercherons à nous placer plus particulièrement à la croisée de la pratique et de la réalité existentielle, en effectuant ainsi des allé-retours entre le fonctionnel et le symbolique. Wed, 16 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.implications-philosophiques.org/Habitat/Zuppinger1.html Les géographes et les métropoles d'équilibre http://strates.revues.org/4432#tocto3n1 Les explications relevant de l'adaptation d'un savoir rétrospectif et contextuel à l'expertise ne rendent pas complètement compte des ambiguïtés de l'intervention des géographes dans l'élaboration de la politique des métropoles d'équilibre. On montre que leur conversion des années soixante à la métropolisation s'ancre dans une tradition mineure de recherches sur l'articulation des relations spatiales modernes par les grandes villes régionales et d'adhésion à l'idée de politiques territoriales ; mais tout s'est passé comme si les enjeux symboliques du repli post-colonial gommaient ceux d'une concentration urbaine " post-industrielle ", à la faveur de la polysémie du terme de métropole, des vertus d'une " polis " retrouvée, et de l'adoption du concept flou de polarisation. Sun, 01 Jan 1989 00:00:00 +0000 http://strates.revues.org/4432#tocto3n1 Dire pour agir : les mots de la métropole http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Dire-pour-agir-les-mots-de-la.html Alors que le thème de la métropolisation reste marginal dans le débat public national, le terme de métropole s’est généralisé dans les champs médiatique, institutionnel et politique. Cette banalisation pose de nombreuses questions : suffit-il d’une incantation pour accélérer la métropolisation ? L’emploi du vocable, devenu enjeu de pouvoir, constitue-t-il la première étape d’une stratégie de développement urbain ? Mon, 07 May 2012 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Dire-pour-agir-les-mots-de-la.html Melbourne wins world's 'most liveable city' award sixth year in a row http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/aug/18/melbourne-wins-worlds-most-liveable-city-award-sixth-year-in-a-row Thu, 18 Aug 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/aug/18/melbourne-wins-worlds-most-liveable-city-award-sixth-year-in-a-row Município eficientes: o que estamos medindo? http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40243&lan=PO [A] discussão mais importante se refere ao próprio conceito de eficiência. Além de trabalhar de forma puramente quantitativa, como por exemplo, ao pensar no número de pessoas atendidas por médicos e não nos indicadores de longevidade, mortalidade, ou seja, o resultado das políticas reduz a dimensão da política pública a quantidades sem levar em conta a qualidade. Neste sentido o IDH-M, elaborado pelo PNUD, mede muito mais a eficiência das gestões municipais. O mais grave, entretanto é que, no contexto de discussão na PEC 241/2016, que pretende congelar por 20 anos os gastos públicos, o uso desse indicador pode ser extremamente perigoso ao trazer a ideia de que o mais importante é oegastar pouco” e não o que se faz com dinheiro público. Wed, 07 Sep 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40243&lan=PO Métropoles : Nancy rebat les cartes dans le Grand Est http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40220&lan=FR La révolution territoriale qui agite le pays vient d’atteindre la Lorraine : le Grand Nancy est devenu, depuis le 1er juillet, la quinzième métropole créée en France. [...] En Lorraine, le contexte des années 1990 (désindustrialisation et démilitarisation de la région, ouverture européenne) a conduit les élus des quatre principales villes à entamer un rapprochement. La première étape fut l’intégration d’un " contrat métropolitain " au Contrat de plan État-Région de troisième génération (1994-1999). Épinal et Thionville s’allièrent ensuite à cette initiative concrétisée par la création de l’association du Sillon Lorrain en 2005. Mon, 05 Sep 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40220&lan=FR Qual o lugar das mulheres nas cidades? Por um ativismo-feminista-urbano http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40204&lan=PO Diante do desafio para a construção de um diagnóstico da situação das mulheres nas cidade, os marcadores sociais de gênero e classe social não são suficientes, pois temos que pensar na interseccionalidade de outros elementos, como raça, para explicação da segregação sócio-espacial das mulheres em nossas metrópoles brasileiras. A prática jurídico urbanística tem ditado o modo de viver dessas mulheres, dispondo sobre quais são seus direitos e quais os lugares que não são interditos para a sua passagem e presença. Thu, 11 Aug 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40204&lan=PO Cities for Migrants http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40193&lan=EN Even as corrosive political discourse impedes effective action at the national and international levels, at the municipal level, progressive and effective immigrant-integration initiatives are flourishing. Fri, 26 Aug 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40193&lan=EN Saneamento básico como direito de cidadania http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40190&lan=PO O Governo do Rio de Janeiro tem avaliado novos formatos de gestão para o saneamento básico no estado, com o propósito de enfrentar a atual crise fiscal. As discussões apontam para adoção do Programa de Parcerias de Investimentos (PPI), do presidente interino Michel Temer, orientado pela perspectiva de aumento da participação privada na prestação dos serviços. Diante desse contexto, Ana Lúcia Britto oferece uma análise sobre os avanços que ocorreram para democratização do saneamento básico no Brasil, onde existem ainda cerca de 35 milhões de brasileiros não atendidos com abastecimento de água potável. Segundo a autora, quem entende o saneamento como direito de cidadania não pode escolher um modelo de gestão unicamente para melhorar a situação dos cofres públicos. Thu, 25 Aug 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40190&lan=PO Comment on « végétalise » les villes http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40187&lan=FR L’opposition classique entre ville et nature a aujourd’hui largement cédé la place à la " ville verte " dans les politiques de développement durable urbain. C’est dans ce cadre que l’on assiste depuis les années 1990 à un renouvellement des actions dites de " verdissement " (ou greening) dans les villes. Ces dernières se fondent sur les effets prêtés à la végétalisation. Il s’agit tout d’abord de faire face aux conséquences du réchauffement climatique, ce qui se traduit en zones urbaines par un objectif de réduction des îlots de chaleur urbains via la plantation d’arbres ou les toitures végétalisées. Tue, 16 Aug 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40187&lan=FR Urban heat islands: When a tree is worth more than air conditioning http://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/islas-de-calor-en-la-ciudad_cuando-un-%C3%A1rbol-vale-m%C3%A1s-que-el-aire-acondicionado/42380070 Rising temperatures in summer affect daily life and the health of people who live in cities. So what can be done? swissinfo.ch heads to Sion, the Swiss city that has heated up the most, to see what a difference its anti-heat plan has made. Mon, 22 Aug 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/islas-de-calor-en-la-ciudad_cuando-un-%C3%A1rbol-vale-m%C3%A1s-que-el-aire-acondicionado/42380070 Dossier: What is at stake in these games? - 2016 Olympics and the commodification of the city of Rio de Janeiro http://observatoriodasmetropoles.net/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1676%3Adossier-what-is-at-stake-in-these-games%3F&lang=en# "Olympic Games always have winners and losers. In the Games, there are always three winners in each event. In Rio de Janeiro, we know exactly who they are: the major construction companies " part of them involved in Operation Lava Jato; real estate speculation " which made a lot of money in recent years; and the political class and local elite " who succeeded in building a network of power that will last for the next 50 years. In the Games, those who come in fourth or fifth are not remembered. It does not matter. That’s the Olympic spirit: winners and losers. And the population of Rio de Janeiro is part of those who are being forgotten." Thu, 04 Aug 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://observatoriodasmetropoles.net/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1676%3Adossier-what-is-at-stake-in-these-games%3F&lang=en# Neuroliberalismo http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40146&lan=ES Wed, 17 Aug 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=40146&lan=ES « Civic Tech » : des applis pour doper la démocratie en ville http://www.lemonde.fr/smart-cities/article/2016/07/14/civic-tech-des-applis-pour-doper-la-democratie-participative_4969481_4811534.html Elles s’appellent Vooter, City2Gether, Fluicity, ou Neocity… Créées par de jeunes entrepreneurs, ces start-ups ont pour ambition de renouveler la vie démocratique locale. Alors que 40 % des citoyens se détournent des urnes aux élections municipales, elles veulent les inciter à donner leur avis, alerter sur d’éventuels dysfonctionnements des services publics ou proposer des pistes d’améliorations pour leur ville. " La vie politique a besoin d’outils de retour citoyen et de décision pour les élus ", estime Stéphane Béquin, co-créateur de Vooter, lancée en 2015 et actuellement testée par la municipalité de Bougival (Yvelines). Tue, 19 Jul 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.lemonde.fr/smart-cities/article/2016/07/14/civic-tech-des-applis-pour-doper-la-democratie-participative_4969481_4811534.html North and South Face Off Over “Right to the City” http://www.ipsnoticias.net/2016/06/norte-y-sur-enfrentados-por-el-derecho-a-la-ciudad/ The declaration that will be presented for approval at the Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) in October has again sparked conflict between the opposing positions taken by the industrial North and the developing South. The aim of the conference, to be held in Quito, Ecuador from October 17-20, is to reinvigorate the global commitment to sustainable urban development with a oeNew Urban Agenda,” the outcome strategy of Habitat III. Developing countries want the declaration to include the right to the city, financing for the New Urban Agenda that will be agreed at the meeting, and restructuring of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) to implement the agreed commitments. Thu, 30 Jun 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.ipsnoticias.net/2016/06/norte-y-sur-enfrentados-por-el-derecho-a-la-ciudad/ The Five Most Affordable Towns In Which To Spend Your Erasmus http://www.konbini.com/fr/tendances-2/etudier-erasmus-villes-moins-cheres-europe/ The Erasmus Programme allows students to study in a foreign land, broaden their horizons, build life skills, learn a new language, get a change of scene and discover a different culture. But physical and spiritual independence comes with a price tag. Student accommodation site Uniplaces has offered its own rating of some of the continent’s least expensive towns, combining average prices of rent, public transport, internet access and two meals per day. The final result gives you an idea of living costs in a total of 39 European towns, reports Le Monde. Mon, 07 Mar 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.konbini.com/fr/tendances-2/etudier-erasmus-villes-moins-cheres-europe/ L’agriculture urbaine, qu’est-ce que c’est ? http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=39448&lan=FR La FAO définit l’agriculture urbaine comme une pratique agricole dans les villes ou à proximité des villes, et qui mobilise des ressources (foncières, hydriques, humaines notamment) pour lesquelles il existe un usage alternatif. Si le terme évoque d’abord l’image des potagers urbains, l’agriculture urbaine prend aussi la forme d’élevage (tels l’élevage laitier des villes indiennes, ou plus souvent les fermes avicoles), d’aquaculture, ou encore d’apiculture, voire de production florale. Wed, 09 Mar 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=39448&lan=FR The World's Most Cosmopolitan Cities http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=39077&lan=EN Seoul and many other large Asian cities have seen huge growth levels in their foreign-born residents in recent years. Even though the number of foreigners living in the South Korean capital has doubled in the last decade, it still doesn't rank among the very top cities worldwide for residents born abroad. 2015's World Migration Report compiled by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) found that 83 percent of people living in Dubai were born in other countries. Brussels hosts a number of key EU institutions as well as the NATO headquarters. Approximately six out of every 10 residents in the Belgian capital comes from another country. Fri, 22 Jan 2016 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=39077&lan=EN 700 cities promise renewable energy transition by 2050 http://www.euractiv.fr/sections/climat-environnement/700-villes-sengagent-vers-le-tout-renouvelable-en-2050-320151 While national negotiators struggle to agree on climate action at the COP21, the mayors of 700 cities have committed to generating 100% of their energy from renewable sources by 2050. EurActiv France reports. Concretely, the mayors committed to a combined reduction in CO2 emissions of 3.7 gigatons per year in urban areas by 2030. If they succeed, this will close 30% of the gap between the national commitments and the +2°C objective. Mon, 07 Dec 2015 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.euractiv.fr/sections/climat-environnement/700-villes-sengagent-vers-le-tout-renouvelable-en-2050-320151 Cities, regions and climate change http://www.euractiv.fr/sections/climat-environnement/villes-regions-et-changement-climatique-319256#group_extlinks World leaders will meet in Paris from 30 November in a bid to secure an agreement to limit global warming to no more than two degrees above pre-industrial levels. EU heads of state and government agreed on their climate and energy targets last November, a cut of at least 40% of greenhouse gas emissions, and an increase in the share of renewables and energy efficiency to 27% by 2030. While that deal, the cornerstone of the bloc’s negotiating position in Paris, is a step in the right direction, the European Union has long battled with the problem of poor implementation of its environmental laws. But regions are increasingly picking up the slack. Through organisations such as the Committee of the Regions and initiatives like the Covenant of Mayors, regional authorities are directly communicating with EU policymakers about how best to fight climate change. Fri, 06 Nov 2015 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.euractiv.fr/sections/climat-environnement/villes-regions-et-changement-climatique-319256#group_extlinks A New Approach to Cities: Everyone Counts http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=38724&lan=EN STORY HIGHLIGHTS • With more than 5 million people moving to cities every month, there is rising disparity and inequality in urban areas. • While urbanization brings economic and societal benefits when handled well, on a negative path it can trap people into poverty. • This World Cities Day, the World Bank looks at solutions to develop cities where everyone has access to the services and opportunities necessary to build a more prosperous future. What does it mean to make a city inclusive? Thu, 29 Oct 2015 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=38724&lan=EN Caosmosis y egopolítica contemporánea http://laberintosuburbanos.wordpress.com/2015/10/25/caosmosis-y-egopolitica-contemporanea-i-lima-fractalidad-y-el-mito-del-punto-fijo/ "Lima se presenta hoy como un conglomerado de estilos arquitectónicos y urbanísticos diversos, estilos provenientes de períodos históricos, escuelas y niveles socioeconómicos y culturales múltiples. Presentándose como una entidad concreta que, producto de la evolución constante, ya no puede responder a las novísimas exigencias de la vida social. En este contexto, a períodos de convulsiones y crisis le suceden períodos de autoritarismo. En la vida en sociedad, el sujeto causal se vislumbra en la población que, ante el vértigo de las inestabilidades y el caos se ve seducida por este, e invoca un poder desenfrenado que para ellos implicará la seguridad, la estabilidad y la promesa de un futuro orden, pero que tendrá efectos inesperados en el Estado de Derecho. Estas contradicciones, han venido originando turbulencias que están siendo resueltas al margen del control estatal. Por lo que la ciudad, concebida como centro del multiculturalismo y eje de la construcción democrática, al no poder responder a los nuevos desafíos planteados por el crecimiento caótico, producto de las migraciones, se ha ubicado al borde..." Sun, 25 Oct 2015 00:00:00 +0000 http://laberintosuburbanos.wordpress.com/2015/10/25/caosmosis-y-egopolitica-contemporanea-i-lima-fractalidad-y-el-mito-del-punto-fijo/ Migrants need cities; Cities need migrants http://www.euractiv.com/sections/global-europe/migrants-need-cities-cities-need-migrants-318852 It’s an inescapable truism that’s begun to sink in with leaders worldwide and which, very soon, will become obvious even to those most opposed to our current wave of human mobility. Could a million African, Asians and Middle Easterners really be bound for Europe this year? Certainly"and arguably numbers almost as large are plying migratory routes linking regions of Latin America, East Asia and Africa. The media images of such mobility can be scary, while the challenges destination countries face integrating these new arrivals are great. Yet mobility, movement, migration - by whatever name we choose to call it - is unstoppable. It’s coming to a city near you - and that’s a good thing. Mon, 26 Oct 2015 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.euractiv.com/sections/global-europe/migrants-need-cities-cities-need-migrants-318852 En Chine, les tours les plus hautes et les plus vertes du monde http://www.wedemain.fr/En-Chine-les-tours-les-plus-hautes-et-les-plus-vertes-du-monde_a598.html Le studio anglais Chetwood a conçu un ensemble de gratte-ciels biomimétiques hauts d'un kilomètre, qui incluront toutes les avancées possibles en termes d'architecture écologique. Mon, 28 Jul 2014 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.wedemain.fr/En-Chine-les-tours-les-plus-hautes-et-les-plus-vertes-du-monde_a598.html Rīga and Umeå: European Capitals of Culture in 2014 http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-13-1313_fr.htm R"ga (Latvia) and Umeå (Sweden) are the European Capitals of Culture in 2014. The cultural programme will officially begin on 17 January in the Latvian capital and on 31 January in Umeå. Mon, 30 Dec 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-13-1313_fr.htm Are megacities the future of democracy? http://forumblog.org/2013/11/could-megacities-emerge-as-a-governance-model-for-the-future/ Mon, 25 Nov 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://forumblog.org/2013/11/could-megacities-emerge-as-a-governance-model-for-the-future/ «On ne doit pas rester sur notre idéal "global, vert, connecté"» http://www.liberation.fr/economie/2013/09/22/on-ne-doit-pas-rester-sur-notre-ideal-global-vert-connecte_933825 Aujourd’hui, le mode de vie urbain organise les territoires qu’ils soient construits ou pas. Les conséquences de l’urbanisation se font sentir partout. Au Moyen Age, la ville se distinguait du territoire rural qui lui-même se distinguait de la forêt, qui se distinguait du désert. Le désert n’a pas disparu, mais il subit les effets de l’urbanisation. On n’est pas dans un monde posturbain où la ville aurait disparu, mais dans un monde où les modes de vie urbains "travaillent" l’ensemble des territoires. Sun, 22 Sep 2013 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.liberation.fr/economie/2013/09/22/on-ne-doit-pas-rester-sur-notre-ideal-global-vert-connecte_933825 ¿Cómo estar sano en un planeta enfermo? http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=34719&lan=ES Wed, 05 Oct 2011 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=34719&lan=ES Les villes du futur, entre environnement et commerce http://www.lemoniteur.fr/191-territoire/article/actualite/859065-les-villes-du-futur-entre-environnement-et-commerce Thu, 25 Aug 2011 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.lemoniteur.fr/191-territoire/article/actualite/859065-les-villes-du-futur-entre-environnement-et-commerce Culture: Fourth pillar sustainable development http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=34232&lan=EN Wed, 17 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=34232&lan=EN Reducing parking spaces helps cities cut auto emissions http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=reducing-parking-cut-auto-emission Mon, 24 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=reducing-parking-cut-auto-emission New report sees cities as central to climate action http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=34036&lan=EN Fri, 03 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=34036&lan=EN New global initiative to make cities safer for women http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33978&lan=EN Mon, 22 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33978&lan=EN More than 2 thousand mayors of the world will discuss in Mexico City the changes the planet needs (Third World Congress of Cities and Local Governments: 17-20 November 2010, Mexico) http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33910&lan=EN Wed, 17 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33910&lan=EN Growing food in greener cities http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33756&lan=EN Tue, 28 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33756&lan=EN WHO launches global network of age-friendly cities http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33477&lan=EN Tue, 29 Jun 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33477&lan=EN Las ciudades invisibles http://www.revistaenie.clarin.com/notas/2010/06/29/_-02203932.htm Tue, 29 Jun 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.revistaenie.clarin.com/notas/2010/06/29/_-02203932.htm "National leaders failed at Copenhagen: local leaders must not": CoR launches unique database of local climate action http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33258&lan=EN Tue, 04 May 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33258&lan=EN Environment: Europe's first Green Capital shares the secrets of sustainable urban development http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33257&lan=EN Tue, 04 May 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33257&lan=EN Les défis des grandes villes au XXIème siècle http://www.fenetreeurope.com/php/page.php?section=actu&id=17792 Tue, 04 May 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.fenetreeurope.com/php/page.php?section=actu&id=17792 Actualité du cosmopolitisme http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33211&lan=FR Wed, 21 Apr 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33211&lan=FR World Health Day 2010 - Urbanization and health http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/4/10-010410/fr/index.html Wed, 07 Apr 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/4/10-010410/fr/index.html Intercultural cities - Towards a model for intercultural integration / Edited by Phil Wood http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33129&lan=EN Tue, 30 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=33129&lan=EN European Local Government Summit - Around 260 cities are hoping to establish municipal policies to tackle the crisis http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=32991&lan=EN Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=32991&lan=EN Paris, Krakow: the crop of Europe’s pretty urban green http://www.cafebabel.fr/article/32455/metropoles-europeennes-plan-amenagement-urbanisme.html Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.cafebabel.fr/article/32455/metropoles-europeennes-plan-amenagement-urbanisme.html La culture au cœur de l'économie de la connaissance http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=32621&lan=FR Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=32621&lan=FR Las cubiertas vegetales como sumideros urbanos de CO2 http://www.soitu.es/soitu/2009/09/24/medioambiente/1253810805_801138.html Fri, 25 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.soitu.es/soitu/2009/09/24/medioambiente/1253810805_801138.html Moscow on way to becoming global capital - Forbes http://en.rian.ru/russia/20090903/156005629.html Thu, 03 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0000 http://en.rian.ru/russia/20090903/156005629.html Are Eco-Cities building a comeback? http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,646219,00.html Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,646219,00.html Life in African cities more expensive than San Francisco, Luxembourg, Brussels, Miami... http://www.afrik.com/article17332.html Sat, 15 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.afrik.com/article17332.html Going green fast in Holland http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,613503,00.html Mon, 16 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,613503,00.html La crise offre l'occasion de réinventer nos modèles urbains http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=31309&lan=FR Sat, 07 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=31309&lan=FR The Covenant of mayors – the main highlight of an intense EU sustainable energy Week http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=31133&lan=EN Fri, 06 Feb 2009 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=31133&lan=EN Wide spread and complex climatic changes outlined in new UNEP project atmospheric brown cloud Report http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=30727&lan=EN Thu, 13 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=30727&lan=EN UN-HABITAT unveils State of the World’s Cities report http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=30598&lan=EN Thu, 23 Oct 2008 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=30598&lan=EN Marseille to be the European Capital of Culture for France in 2013 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=30349&lan=EN Tue, 16 Sep 2008 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=30349&lan=EN Lyon appointed first «City of Media Arts» of UNESCO’s Creative Cities’ Network http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=29756&lan=EN Fri, 27 Jun 2008 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=29756&lan=EN All About: Developing cities and pollution http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/03/09/eco.cities/index.html Mon, 10 Mar 2008 00:00:00 +0000 http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/03/09/eco.cities/index.html Beatles' hometown becomes a European Culture Capital http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3034184,00.html Wed, 02 Jan 2008 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3034184,00.html Stavanger: la otra Capital Europea de la Cultura 2008 http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3032544,00.html Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3032544,00.html Liverpool et Stavanger villes européennes de la culture 2008 http://www.fenetreeurope.com/php/page.php?section=actu&id=9816 Thu, 27 Dec 2007 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.fenetreeurope.com/php/page.php?section=actu&id=9816 Capitale européenne de la culture 2013 : le jury recommande la présélection de quatre villes http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=28374&lan=FR Wed, 19 Dec 2007 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=28374&lan=FR 'The Redevelopment of a City is an Art' (interview with Charles Landry) http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,503211,00.html Fri, 31 Aug 2007 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,503211,00.html The urban revolution http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2007/09/bloom.htm Tue, 04 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2007/09/bloom.htm Flugsimulator in Google Earth versteckt http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/spielzeug/0,1518,503558,00.html Mon, 03 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/spielzeug/0,1518,503558,00.html An inside look at Europe's coolest cities http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,502297,00.html Mon, 03 Sep 2007 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,502297,00.html China's eco-city faces growth challenge http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6756289.stm Thu, 05 Jul 2007 00:00:00 +0000 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6756289.stm One in two 'will live in cities' http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/international/newsid_6247000/6247096.stm Wed, 27 Jun 2007 00:00:00 +0000 http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/international/newsid_6247000/6247096.stm La métropole transfrontalière http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=24875&lan=FR Fri, 06 Oct 2006 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=24875&lan=FR Experts meet over urban growth http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5095214.stm Tue, 20 Jun 2006 00:00:00 +0000 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5095214.stm Ciudades historicas dos lados de la misma moneda, Patrimonio de la Humanidad / Humanidad con patrimonio. http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=21754&lan=ES Fri, 02 Dec 2005 00:00:00 +0000 http://www.mondialisations.org/php/public/art.php?id=21754&lan=ES The changing face of New York City http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4229919.stm Thu, 03 Feb 2005 00:00:00 +0000 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4229919.stm Call for a European Coalition of Cities Against Racism http://portal.unesco.org/shs/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=6530&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Fri, 24 Sep 2004 00:00:00 +0000 http://portal.unesco.org/shs/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=6530&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html