Theory of Metropolises

From RITTER’s ville mondiale (1824) to GEDDES’ Worldcity (1915), to SPENGLER’s Weltstadt or ville monde (1923) to SASSEN’s Global city (1991), to the works of MORICONI-EBRARD (2003) and HALL (2004), the city and urban space are in continuous upheaval and development. Those expressions and paradigms correspond, for some, to a hierarchical organization; for others, to an organization through networks, a dichotomy analysed by PUMAIN and ROBIC (1999) which continues to foster the discussion of researchers and decision makers.